(Intro)

Michael: Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, welcome to SciShow Quiz show; the quiz show that is on SciShow. My name is Michael Aranda. I will be your host today and today again we have uh... 

Hank: Hank. My name's Hank. My name's Hank Green. 

Michael: Sorry! I didn't know who you were. And as always we have Caitlin Hofmeister from SciShow Space. 

Caitlin: Thank you. 

Michael: Hank, today you will be playing on behalf of a one Sean McLellan. 

Hank: Sean, I'm here for you. 

Michael: I just lied to you. I just totally lied to you. 

Hank: Sean. Abandoned. I'm not interested in you at all. 

Michael: You are playing on behalf of Justin Eltoft. 

Hank: Justin. You and me. We're gonna make this thing happen.

Michael: Together. 

Hank: Yes. 

Michael: Caitlin Hofmeister, you are playing on behalf of Sean McLennan and Jason Archibald.

Caitlin: I'm interested in you Sean and Jason... Archibald.

Hank: You're interested in them? 

Caitlin: Well 'cause you weren't interested in Sean anymore. 

Hank: Oh, I'm interested in you guys. 

Caitlin: Sorry Jason. Just you Sean. 

Michael: Okay, so both you start off with a thousand SciShow bucks. 

Hank: Okay, I'm leaving, that's good enough for me. I don't need anymore SciShow bucks, that's a lot. 

Caitlin: Is that a forfeit? So I?...

Michael: Caitlin wins!

Caitlin: Woo! 

Michael: Yay!

Caitlin: Yay Sean and .  .  . Archibald!

Hank: I gotta stay for Justin. 

Michael: Are they bucks or points? Last time they were points, right? 

Caitlin: It should be alliterative. 

Hank: We should change it every time. 

Caitlin: SciShow salary. No you don't...

Hank: SciShow celeries.

Caitlin: Celeries!

Michael: You have a thousand SciShow celeries each. 

Caitlin: Perfect. 

Michael: Each time you answer a question correctly you will win some number that I will make up in that moment. And whoever has the most celeries at the end of the game will win a randomly selected piece of DFTBA merchandise for their people that they are...

Hank: Are playing for... Justin or Sean. 

Caitlin: I have?... Interested in [Hank laughs] I have Sean and who?
 
Michael: Sean and Jason. 

Caitlin: Sorry. I'm not cheating. 

Michael: There's no answers on this one anyway. 

Caitlin: Sean and Jason

Hank: I keep being like don't use your mic to point things out; it's gonna sound terrible.

[microphone banging on table when being thrown way)]

[laughing]

Michael: Oh, and our very lovely assistant Stefan Chin will show you what our, uh, lucky contestants could take home today!

Stefan: Oh well thanks Michael. Our fabulous contestants today will have a chance to win this Pizza John mouse pad, or, this wind tunnel tested, Pizza John Frisbee. Back to you. 

Michael: Okay our first question in honor of SciShow Space-

Caitlin: Oh god. 

Michael: - is about astronomy. Main sequence stars are stars that are currently fusing hydrogen atoms to form helium in their cores. With that in mind, which one of these is a main sequence star? Is it: a white dwarf, a red dwarf, or a brown dwarf?

[beeping]

Michael: Hank Green?

Hank: I don't know, but I'm gonna say red... dwarf.

Michael: You are correct!

All: Ayyy

Michael: The red dwarf is the only one of these three that is in the main sequence of its development, fusing hydrogen into helium. They are cool stars, smaller than the sun, and are thought to be the most common type of star in our galaxy.

White dwarfs are former main sequence stars that burned through their hydrogen and helium and went on to fuse heavier elements, but were not hot enough to fuse the carbon in their cores, so they collapsed. 

And brown dwarfs meanwhile are so called failed stars, that weren't able to achieve the sustained fusion necessary to become a main sequence star to begin with. 

For what it's worth, astronomers would be the first to admit that the whole dwarf nomenclature for stars is kinda confusing. Most people associate the term with collapsed or failed stars, but the term was actually introduced in the 1800s to describe stars with less luminosity. So by this logic, all main sequence stars are considered dwarfs, including the sun which is classified as a yellow dwarf.

Michael: Okay.

[button click]

Michael: Round two. 

Caitlin: Okay. 

Michael: True or false? 

Caitlin: Is this also astronomy?

Michael: NO. 

Caitlin: Okay.

[Hank laughs]

[Michael clears throat]

Caitlin [whispering]: Dammit I can't...

Michael: Our second round this week is dedicated to defending the honor of sharks, uh, in light of the hype and hyperbole of Discovery Channel's recent Shark Week, um, so let's take a more fact-based look at sharks beginning with our first true or false question: All sharks need to keep swimming in order to breathe. 

[beep]

Hank: I'm not sure who got there first. Our fingers definitely ran into each other. 

Caitlin: Yeah. Cut your nails. 

[laughing]

Michael: Um. I don't know. I felt I saw Hank hit it but I ehh

Caitlin at the same time as Michael: I think you were there first. I think I kinda, I think that's why I hit your nails 'cause I tried to get in there.

Hank as Caitlin is still talking: Okay. False. 

Michael: Um. That is indeed false. 

[beep]

Hank: Wooo!

Michael: It is indeed false, although it's true for a few kinds of sharks. All sharks do need to have water moving over their gills in order to breathe, but many species like nurse, bull head, and tiger sharks can breathe while resting by opening and closing their mouths to force water across their gills. This is called buccal pumping. 

But some species aren't capable of doing this, so they have to use a technique known as ram ventilation, swimming with their mouths open. The sharks that use ram ventilation include the great white, mako, and whale sharks, all of whom have to keep moving in order to breathe, which must be downright exhausting. 

Michael: [clears throat] Next, we're gonna talk size. If you've watched Discovery Channel you may have seen a certain documentary claiming that we've found megalodon swimming around in the ocean or whatever which is very false. It died like two million year ago. Um, [clears throat] um. But today, the largest species of shark is the great white.

[beep]

Hank: She was there first. 

Caitlin: False. 

Hank: False. 

Michael: It is indeed false!

[beep]

Caitlin: Wooo!

Hank: Yeah. 

Michael: Ooh. Let's give Caitlin a hundred celeries. 

Caitlin: Yeah 1100!

Michael: The largest shark is the whale shark, which has been known to get as large as 13 meters. But, they're just docile filter feeders and SCUBA divers have been known to swim with them.

The second largest shark species is the basking shark, which grows to about twelve meters. I mean great white sharks are great and everything, but the largest of them are females measuring about 5 meters. Mehhh.

But all of these pale in comparison to the megalodon, which reached a length of 18 meters, and had an estimated body mass of about three times the size of a whale shark. When it comes to the great white to megalodon comparison, a University of California biologist recently told National Geographic, and I quote, "A great white is about the size of the penis of a male megalodon." (sigh).

[laughing]

Michael: Okay on the subject of shark reproduction, true or false: sharks can lay eggs?

Hank: oh, I don't actually know the answer to that question. 

[beep]

(long pause)

[laughing]

Hank: I love that you hit the buzzer, and now you don't wanna answer. 

Caitlin: I'm gonna say, that's a weird question, I'm gonna say true. 

Michael: It is true. 

[laughs]

Hank: That's what I would have said. 

Michael: Sharks are fish after all, so about a third of shark species do indeed lay eggs. After releasing their egg cases, mother sharks will deposit them in the sea floor or in rock crevices. To help keep them anchored, some species like the horn shark and the Port Jackson shark produce egg cases that harden into corkscrew shapes that look like big drill bits.

Meanwhile, the other two thirds of sharks give birth to live young, producing litters that range in size from two to as many as a hundred pups. But in the case of the sand tiger shark, only the two largest embryos that were fertilized are born because they eat all of their siblings in the womb.

Michael: Round three is double or nothing where you can double or nothing. You can wager as much as your winnings as you want based on the topic. If you wager it all and you're right, you double your money, if you're wrong, you lose whatever you wagered. Okay. 

Hank: Okay. 

Michael: Your topic is engineering. Place your bets. We may or may not be back after these commercial messages. Cause sometimes there's not a mid roll. 

[laughing]

[more laughing]

Michael: A funny thing happened during the commercial break. Don't worry about it. How many celeries have you guys wagered?

Hank: Do we tell?

Michael: I don't know.

Hank: I don't think so.

Michael: I mean I don't want to know how many celeries you wagered.

Caitlin: I mean we're not totally stealing this from Jeopardy. 

[laughing]

Hank: That doesn't matter. 

Michael: Are you ready for the question?

Caitlin: Ye, yeah. 

Michael: Okay. [clears throat] Internal combustion is used to describe any engine where a fuel, an oxidizer for the fuel, and the products of their combustion are the fluids that do the work.

This is different from external combustion, like a steam engine, where energy is applied to the working fluid by some outside source.

So. Which of these devices uses external combustion? Is it a solid-fuel rocket, a hydroelectric dam, a nuclear power plant, or a fuel cell?

Hank: Did you say nucular? 

Michael: Nuclear. 

Hank: It says doughnut. 

Michael: mmm. 

[laughing]

Michael: Are you ready?

Hank: We're ready. 

Caitlin at the same time as Hank: Ready. 

Michael: Reveal your answers. 

Caitlin: Oh no!

Hank: Who is right?

Michael: Hank Green you just got double your celeries! 

Caitlin: NOOOOOO!

Hank: Ohh 2400 to zero!

Caitlin: Ughhhhhh.

Hank: Oh yeah. 

Michael: Today's winner ladies and gentleman is Hank Green, who was playing for someone but-

Caitlin: I'm so sorry.

Michael: -my notes have been thrown all over the place-

Hank: Justin.

Michael: -who did that. 

Hank: I was playing for Justin. For you Justin, I've made, it said nuclear doughnut plant before I made it better. 

Michael: Mmmm. 

Hank: Nuclear doughnut plant. 

Michael: Congratulations Hank Green, congratulations Justin. Uh, thanks for joining us on this SciShow Quiz Show. If you'd like to be played for by one of our lovely, contestants. 

Caitlin: Players. 

Michael: Who's the real contestant here?

Hank: I don't know. What is an - what does contestant mean?

Michael: Hmmm

Caitlin: It means you're in a contest. 

Hank: Let's break it down. Do it in Latin. 

Michael: What I'm trying to say is go, go to Subbable.com/SciShow, and get some perks. 

Caitlin: You could get this tie. 

Michael: You can get this tie. Not this tie. You can get a tie that looks like this. This one's mine. 

[laughing]

Michael: And uh, be sure to check out Caitlin Hofmeister on SciShow Space, and of course, don't forget to you to youtube.com/scishow and subscribe. 

Caitlin: Yayyy.