Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, welcome to SciShow Quiz Show, the show where these two people will compete in sciencey knowledge things and win prizes for Subbable subscribers. Today we have internet guy, Hank Green. 

Hank: Is there going to be applause there?
*laughter all around*
Michael: And we have host of Animal Wonders, Jessi Knudsen Castañeda!

Michael: Hank, you will be competing on the behalf of Josh Beel.
Hank: Josh, I got your back!
Michael: Jessi, you've got Max Loutzenheiser.
Jessi: MAAXX, let's go!
Michael: To find out how our contestants can play for you, go to subbable.com/scishow
Hank: It's almost like this isn't doing anything.
Michael: Almost! 
(laughter)
Michael: Sorry, Tim! You're in the splash zone.

Michael: Okay, both of you start out with 1000 points, and every time you answer a question correctly, you will win some number of points that I will make up in that moment!
Jessi: All right!
Hank: If we get it wrong though, what happens?
Michael: If you get it wrong, you will lose some points or something.
Jessi: Wromp wromp.

Michael: Whoever has the most points at the end of the game will win DFTBA merchandise. Stefan, what can they win?
Stefan: Well, Michael, our contestants today can win a Pizza John Frisbee or this Pizza John notebook.  Write little notes about pizza and Johns... Back to you Michael.

Michael: Okay. *laughing* *cough* You guys ready?
Hank: Oh, we're going to start.
Jessi: No...Yes. No!
Hank: This is pretty nervous.  Honestly, does make me nervous.

Michael: Round One! Our topic is human evolution.
Jessi: Oooohhhhh...
Hank: Okay, but how do we, hit the thing, do we...
Michael: Yeah, you hit the thing.  This is a game show. You gotta hit the thing.
Jessi: It's like Slapjack?
Hank: And then- and then- stop that's loud. So we're trying to beat the other person to the buzzer?
Michael: Yeah.
Hank: Or is it multiple choice?
Michael: It's multiple choice-
Hank: Okay, see this is the thing-
Jessi: But can we answer before the multiple choice?
Michael: You can answer whenever you want to.
Hank: K.
Jessi: *hits buzzer*
Hank: What's your answer?
Jessi: No! Wait!
Hank: Is it a yes or no question? C.

Michael: OK. It is known that Homo sapiens spent a lot of quality time with other human species, particularly Homo neanderthalensis, whose genes account for about 2% of the DNA in most modern humans. But which of these other human species did not coexist with other humans? And we're only talking about species that lived at the same time as anatomically modern humans. Was it:
A) Homo habilis-
Hank: Homo Habilis.
Michael: *Bleep* Was it:
A) Homo Habilis-
Hank hits buzzer
Hank: A, Homo habilis.
Michael: You are correct!
Hank: I don't need to hear the other ones! You said I could answer any time!
*Laughing*
Michael: Okay, you've got a hundred points and you've lost a hundred points. Yay!
Jessi: Wait, I lose? I lose?
Michael: Yeahhh...
Jessi: Awww...
Michael: Aww...

Michael: The Denisovans, or Denisova hominins, were a human subspecies that lived as recently as 40,000 years ago in eastern Asia, and they too appear to have bred with modern humans, as shown in the fact that some people living today in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands have been found to have about 5% Denisovan DNA. The debate rages on about the hobbits, meanwhile, whose remains were first discovered on the Indonesian island of Flores in 2003.  They were barely more than a meter tall, and some had unique skeletal features in their wrists and feet, so some scientists maintain that they were a genetically distinct species, while others believe they were modern humans that exhibited the phenomenon of island dwarfism. And the jury's still out about whether we shared the planet with other older members of the genus Homo, like Homo erectus, but most scientists agree that Homo habilis was the earliest member of the genus and had the most ape-like features. They vanished about 1.5 million years ago, 1.3 million years before the first anatomically modern humans.

Michael: Our second segment this week is all about geology, the study of Earth's physical structure.  We like to call it School of Rock. Hehehe. Our first question in School of Rock is about the difference between rocks and minerals. A mineral is defined as a naturally occurring inorganic substance with a specific chemical formula and a crystalline structure. Rocks are aggregates of more than one mineral. So, with that in mind, which of the following is a mineral and not a rock? Is it:
A) Limestone
B) Obsidian
C) Diamond
or D) Chalk
Jessi hits buzzer
Jessi: Crap.
Hank: *laughing* You hit the button!
Jessi: I know! I got excited! I'm going to say... C) diamond.
Michael: You are correct!
Jessi: Yesss! Yes!
Hank: That's also what I would have said. I'm not allowed to dance around because I didn't get it right...

Michael: Diamond is considered a mineral and not a rock because it's a crystalline arrangement of one chemical compound, in this case, pure carbon. Limestone, on the other hand, is mostly made of the mineral calcite, also known as calcium carbonate, but it also contains some small amounts of clay and silt and other stuff too. Obsidian is a volcanic glass; it's not a crystal, which has molecules arranged in a rigid structure. Instead, it's what's called an amorphous solid because its particles are organized all randomly. And chalk is just another form of limestone, and aggregate of calcium carbonate, silt, and clay.

Michael: Okay, you've got two hundred points, you've lost-
Hank: I lost- Just because I didn't answer, I lose money. God- points.
Michael: Fifty points.
Hank: Oh, I only lost fifty points.

Michael: Okay, next question in School of Rock.
Hank: Oh, there's more than one question in School of Rock.
Michael: The density of rock is often expressed as a specific gravity-- the weight of a sample of rock compared to the weight of the same volume of water. For example, the density of water is 1 gram per cubic centimeter, while the density of granite is 2.6 grams per cubic centimeter. Now, there's only one kind of rock that's less dense than water, and can therefore float. So is it:
A) Mica
B) Pumice
C) -
Jessi hits buzzer
Jessi: Pumice.
*Laughing*
Hank: She got it right. It didn't light up.
Michael: You win!
Jessi: Yeah!
Hank: Oh man.
Michael: Two hundred points to Jessi.
Jessi: My brother did that. It was awesome.
Hank: I did not know that. Gah! Do I lose more points now?
Michael: Another fifty points from Hank.
Hank: Oh my goodness.
Michael: Wromp wromp wromp...

Michael: Pumice is the only type of rock that can float.  It has a density of about 0.5 grams per cubic centimeter, which is half that of water. Like obsidian, it's a kind of volcanic glass, but it's formed when super hot, highly pressurized lava is ejected from a volcano. This makes it cool down and depressurize pretty quickly, which leaves it full of bubble-like holes known as vesicles. This not only makes many kinds of pumice float in water, but it also allows you to do cool stuff with it, like holding up a huge chunk of it with a rolled up dollar bill.

Michael: Okay, our last question in School of Rock.
Hank: I need to get my act together.
Jessi: Is this final? Is this final?
Hank: We're still on round two. This is round two.
Michael: *clears throat* Some rocks, or rock-like objects, form from organic materials, like plant and animal matter. With that in mind, what is coprolite?
Hank hits buzzer
Hank: I know what coprolite is.
Michael: Is it A, B, C, or D?
Hank: I don't know that!
Jessi: Ooohhh.
Michael: Is it:
A) Fossilized feces
Hank: A) fossilized feces.
Michael: You are correct! It's poop!
Jessi: No, I lost the poop question!
Hank: I know, that's terrible.
Michael: Two hundred points to Hank, fifty from Jessi.
Hank: You have so much more experience with poop than I do. You have baby children and a thousand animals.
Jessi: I think I have some on my hand right now.
Hank: I can't imagine you don't.
Hank: It's just a little bit.
Jessi: Just a little bit.

Michael: Coprolite are fossilized poop. They may not be as widely used as, say, coal, but for paleontologists, they're pretty much the only way we have to study the diets of extinct animals. They were first identified by 19th century fossil hunter Mary Anning, who found them near fossils of ichthyosaurs. When she broke them open, she found fish bones and scales and other animal parts in there and realized that it was ichthyosaur waste.

Michael: Round 3, double or nothing. This is where you can wager all or some of your points, but that's boring. Uh, you've got 1,250 and you've got 1,200. The topic is physics. The question: since ancient times -
Hank: Wait, shouldn't we wager first?
Michael: Uhh!
Jessi: No, no, it's physics. This is way not fair. I have to level the playing field a little bit.
Hank: I don't know! Oh, oh. Okay. I'm not going to be getting - give me some kind of venomous snake to make me nervous? Should I close my eyes?
Jessi: Okay, we're each gonna hold a snake.
Hank: Uhhh...Is... Oh my god... Huhhh....
Michael: That is a big snake.
Jessi: The rules are, you can't grab her and she cannot go on your shoulders.
Hank: Okay. On shoulders she could just kill me.
Jessi: She's strong.
Hank: She's very strong. Aghhhh... Wow... Gah...I feel-Oh, that's my shoulder.
Jessi: No shoulders.
Michael: How do you get her off the shoulders? She's strangling Hank! Noooo!
Jessi: All right, I got my snake.
Hank: Ohh, wow. This is gonna make thing not easy. Wow, you are strong. Oh, this is a good hug. Stop going for the shoulder. 
Michael: Okay, well.
Hank: Okay.
Michael: Good luck writing.
Hank: Yeah. 'Scuse me. Pardon me. Nope. Again with the shoulder. Euuuugh!!!
Michael: Okay, so the topic is physics. You gotta make your wagers.
Hank: She's trying to kill me!
Michael: Stop playing with the snake! Pay attention!
Hank: Okay, we're good, I'm good. The topic is physics-- physics; we have to make our wagers.
Michael: Yes. While they are doing that, we will go to a commercial break about something. And then we'll be right back.
Hank: My hand...it's going to fall off.

Michael: Welcome back. This is happening.
Hank: It's very heavy.
Michael: Okay, your question is: since ancient times, scientists have recognized six simple machines that each use a principle of physics to do work.
Hank: Ohhh. Yes, okay.
Michael: They are defined as any non-motorized device that changes the magnitude, direction, or point of application of a force.
Hank: Mhmm.
Michael: Which of these is not considered a simple machine?
Hank: Okay. Oh frickle frack.
Michael: Okay, for this one, you don't buzz in, you write your answer on the- on the thing.
Jessi: Okay.
Hank: No shoulders, Daisy!
Michael: Your choices are:
A) A pulley
B) A screw
D) A piston
I skipped a letter in there so,
L) A wedge.
Hank: Hmm...
Michael: Pulley, screw, piston, or wedge?
Hank: Oh my god, you're heavy. Okay. I need a hand.
Jessi: Look at you, one handed.
Hank: Well, she's got me hard.
Michael: Do some bicep curls.
Hank: Nope! How do I, can you hold this for me again? Thank you.
Jessi: Which is not a simple machine...
Michael: Yup.
Hank: I'm guessing. I know, I know, I got a 50% chance here. Okay.
Michael: Hey buddy.
Hank: How's it going?
Michael: Is it a guy or a girl?
Jessi: Girl.
Michael: Hey...baby.
Hank: All right.
Michael: Okay. Let's reveal your answers.

Michael: Double pistons. You're both correct.
Jessi and Hank: Yahhh!
Michael: You wagered 1000 points. I believe that makes Hank our winner.
Hank: That's right Josh, I won for you!
Jessi: Sorry Max. I tried.
Hank: Oooh! That tickles!
Jessi: How many, how many tickles does it take to make an octopus laugh?
Hank: Uh, 10 tickles.
Jessi: Ohh...

Michael: The six simple machines are the wheel and axle, which count as one together, the wedge, the screw, the pulley, the inclined plane, and the lever. A piston, on the other hand, is a sliding component in a chamber that moves against a fluid, like air.

Michael: Thank you for joining us for this episode of SciShow Quiz Show. If you would like to be played for by one of our contestants, you can go to Subbable.com/scishow and don't forget to check out Jessi on her brand new chan- chanimal wonders.
Jessi: Chanimal wonders? That's awesome.
Michael: And don't forget to check out Jessi and her brand new channel Animal Wonders. You can find a link in the description. And if you want to keep getting smarter with us, you can go to youtube.com/scishow and subscribe.