JOHN
3. 2. 1. Hi I'm John Green. This is Crash Course World History and today we're gonna return to two of our favorite themes: the creation of nation states and the role of war. HAHAHA. I mean is the fly gonna be in the shot? Like that one was very close.

BACKGROUND
Well let's kill him.

JOHN 
I don't know where he... I mean he's- he's- he's on the move. He's not a... he's not a quiet relaxed fly. Did you see him in the shot Zelaya?

BACKGROUND
Like this one that's dead on the floor here.

JOHN 
Yeah, he's not like that dead one. He's got way more energy. It's good, I like that joke that I didn't write. Okay. It's not about whether to fast during Rom... Rom Kippur or Yamadan? [laughing] It's not about... Issued the Balfor. Balfor. Balfor? Bal- Bal

BACKGROUND
I think Bal.

JOHN
Bal. In 19... With the help of Jewish militias... With the help of Jewish militias the British... With the help of Jewish... Jewish militias of the British is not easy for someone with a lisp. With the help of Jewish militias... With the help of Jewish militias the British brutally suppressed the Palestinian revolt... With the help of Jewish militias the British brutally... With the help of Jewish militias the British brutally sup... With the help of Jewish militias... Oh, God. Changed territorial...territory...territor-ally...territorially?

BACKGROUND
Yeah. Territorially.

JOHN
Territori... Terri...Huh?

BACKGROUND
Territorially.

JOHN
Territorially. Oh, I got my nose. Oh, oh, itch. Okay. Oh boy, hold on. I gotta gotta sneeze. Achoo! 

BACKGROUND
Oh!

JOHN
Sorry, that was very loud for you, I know.

BACKGROUND
Yeah. Yep.

JOHN
Alright. So the ba oh! Nope. I had to boo boo boop. I had to have a third word. So the next... I'll say 'So the next.' So the next... But pull, pull faster. Pull faster. Pull it the 'suh' in 'sew'. 3...
Look it's a collection of infidelidous American presidents. An open letter to Bill Clinton...

BACKGROUND
Infidelidous? Is that a word, what?

JOHN
I think 'infidelidous' is funny because it's-

BACKGROUND
[noncommittal noise]

JOHN
Cause it's a made up word, but I'll do philandering. Greenland, Normandy, and Kiev during the so-called Viking Age. Between 17... [BLEEP] Does that work, otherwise?

BACKGROUND
Yeah, let's do it. One without the [BLEEP].

JOHN

[snickering] [cough] Are you sure? 

BACKGROUND
Yeah.

JOHN
I was right though, just to be clear. 

BACKGROUND
I was ri-

JOHN
No, yeah. We agreed that I was correct. Perfect. Umm... That's why we moved it over here.

BACKGROUND
Alright.

JOHN
Dahhha! I lost but won! I was wrong-

BACKGROUND
I be straight wi-

JOHN
but I made you believe I was right.

BACKGROUND
No, I don't believe it. I'm just ready to move on.

JOHN
Ah, yeah. That's even better.

BACKGROUND
[chuckling]

JOHN
It's- I still won. That's the important thing. Did no one fix my hair before this started? Was it was it all low like Billy Ray Cyrus?

BACKGROUND
No.

JOHN
Was it like this?

BACKGROUND
It looked largely likes it looks now.

JOHN
Did it look like this? This is how it's supposed to look.

BACKGROUND
Yeah, that's right.

JOHN
Okay. 

BACKGROUND
It's been mostly like that. No- [not Stan]

JOHN
Faroe Islands. This is so obscure.

BACKGROUND
[laughter]

JOHN
The two hundred and twenty thousand people living in Iceland, and the eighty thousand living in Greenland. What an accomplishment. God. All-

BACKGROUND
Also-

JOHN
All told, all told. They all told, they, they invented a civilization almost as big as Columbus, Ohio. 

BACKGROUND
Not nearly.

JOHN
AHAHAHAHA. And we call it Latin America... I don't know why. Europe. Now, within the categories of bot Sunni and Shia, there are further divisions and more sex. But the basic division- I said sex. Um, it's, that's, you want to nail the 't' on that one.

BACKGROUND
Yeah.

JOHN
So Reza Khan became Reza Shah, and then he attempted to turn Persia, which he... [high pitch] Persia!

BACKGROUND
You're saying The History Channel has it wrong.
[laughing]

JOHN
[laughing] Just stunning! M- Mosaddegh? I still can't say it right. Mosaddegh?

BACKGROUND
You do. 

JOHN
Mosaddegh?

BACKGROUND
Everyone knows who that is. Maybe you should just...

JOHN
No. Your, y- y- you, you know better, yeah. I trust you more than I trust Stan. 

BACKGROUND
Mosaddegh.

JOHN
Mosaddegh. Most history books say that the British and the CIA engineered a coup to remove Mosaddegh from office. And it's true that they tried to engineer...

BACKGROUND
That wasn't either of them. 

JOHN
Mosaddegh?

BACKGROUND
Yeah. Uh huh.

JOHN
-Olla. [gargling] Khomeini.

BACKGROUND
Khomeini. Khomeini.

JOHN
Khomeini. Khomeini.

BACKGROUND
Ruholla.

JOHN
Ruholla.

BACKGROUND
Yeah.

JOHN
Alright. Revolution wasn't universally popular. For instance, it was opposed by a particular Shia cleric named Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini. Khomeini. Khomeini. [gargling] It was opposed by a particular Shia cleric named Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini.

BACKGROUND
I think you can say the 'k'.

JOHN
Khomeini?

BACKGROUND
Yeah.

JOHN
No. How would you say it?

BACKGROUND
Khomeini.

JOHN
Khomeini. [gargling]

BACKGROUND
But wi- with the 'k'. Just a little little-

JOHN
So I think it's unfair to say that a majority of those who took to the streets in late 1978 were motivated by a fundamental vision of Islam. 

BACKGROUND
I think fundamentalist is important there. 

JOHN
Ah, yeah. Thank you. So I think it's- He was at the time... Paris in exile, as opposed to living in Paris not in exile. [laughing]

BACKGROUND
[chuckle] He was.. living a plebeian lifestyle. [laughing]

JOHN 
[laughing] I just... He was young! HAHAHAHA. He was in love! It-

BACKGROUND
Accomplished guy.

JOHN
Huh?

BACKGROUND
Accomplished guy.

JOHN
Yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah. God. [laughing] He was hanging out with Hemingway and you know how it is. Um. [chuckles] 

BACKGROUND
So yeah, huh.

JOHN
Okay. Um I- do I need to say that he was living in Paris? I guess it's good. Um.

BACKGROUND
Just in the coffee shop culture...

JOHN 
HAHAHAHA. Now if democracy is only about holding elections, then this new Iran was a democracy. Iran has elections, both for president and the Parliament, known as the Majlis. Sharia law in a particularly harss. Harss? History often focus on the Tokugawa period because it's got ninja and samurai. But much of the foundation of Japanese culture dates to the Heian period. Hei- Hei-

BACKGROUND
Heian.

JOHN
Heian. Women like Murasaki Shikibu lived lives of very... Shikibu?

BACKGROUND
Shikibu.

JOHN
Sh- Shikibu. Women like Murasaki Shikibu lived constrained cloistered lives.

BACKGROUND
Murasaki. You said 'saku'.

JOHN
Murasaki Shikibu. The women like Murasaki Shikibu lived constrained cloistered lives. Murasaki? 

BACKGROUND
I think you said 'saku' that time.

JOHN
Bu- The women like Murasaki Shikibu... Did I say it right that time?

BACKGROUND
Yeah, you did! 

JOHN
Murasaki Shikibu. But women like Murasaku- Murasaki Shikibu. Crash Course is filmed here in the Chad and Stacy Emigholz Studio in Indianapolis. And it's made possible thanks to your support through subbable.com. Was that alright?

BACKGROUND
Mmm... 

JOHN
No.

BACKGROUND
[laugh] It wasn't great.

JOHN
Alright, let's do it again.