The history of trans people is something we've touched on throughout Sexplanations but I want to devote a whole episode to the topic.

Trans educator Blake Bonkowski helped me put this more complete timeline together and share with you the stories of people who shaped our understanding of the trans experience. [WHIP CRACKING, COUGH]. While identifying with a sex or gender other than the one you were assigned at birth precedes documented history -- one of the first notes on record is 1864, when Karl Heinrich Ulrichs used the term Urnings, to describe a female soul in a male body.

In 1886, Richard von Krafft-Ebing coined the terms eviration to describe a change in a male's personality to become more like a female's and defemination for a female's becoming more like a male's. In 1891, Albert Moll introduced this word to the effort (point - word on screen - contrÓ“re. Geschlechtsempfindung) referring to gender contrary feelings and in 1913, Max Marcuse offered (point - word on screen - Geschlechtsumwandlungstreib) - the drive for sex transformation.

Then in 1899 Magnus Hirshfeld started a journal called the Yearbook of Intermediate Sexual. Types to share new ideas about sexual variation: homosexuality, transvestism, dressing like other sexes, or transsexualism, identifying as other sexes. In 1918 at the age of 27 Alan L.

Hart became one of the first medically documented people to undergo reassignment or affirmation surgery. In 1919 Hirshfeld opened the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft to coordinate more hormone therapy and genital surgery for patients. Unlike most of his colleagues he wasn't looking to cure an illness of their minds, he wanted them to have access to medical transition and equal rights.

Hirshfeld's patient, Dora Richter, was the first to undergo a successful male-to-female genital surgery-- removal of testicles in 1922, and a penectomy in 1931. Two years later the Institute and its archives were destroyed by Nazis and Hirshfeld was denounced by Adolf Hitler and run out of Germany. Trans care didn't stop there though.

Hundreds of people accessed surgeries in Denmark, among them Lili Elbe who wrote Man into Woman. In South West, England Michael Dillon received the first known prescriptions of testosterone for female-to-male transition. And in the states (1948) Dr.

Harry Benjamin gave progesterone to child patient who quote “wanted to become a girl” and began what would later become the Benjamin Standards of Care for trans health which we still use a version of today. In the early 50s Christine Jorgensen publicly announced her transition and landed a front-page story on the New York Daily News -- outgoing and well-spoken she quickly became the poster child of transition. and shortly after the trans community became far more outspoken against discrimination. Beginning with the Cooper Do-Nuts riot in Los Angeles in 1959, followed by the Dewey's lunch counter sit in of 150 gender nonconforming people April 1965, and a 1966 riot at the.

Compton's Cafeteria. These events inspired the Center for Special Problems, which provided identification cards for trans individuals with their authentic name and gender marker; the National Transsexual. Counseling Unit (NCTU) (1968), and San Francisco's first Pride celebration.

These were huge developments in trans history but more work was left to do. In June 1969 trans activists Sylvia Rivera and Marsha P. Johnson kicked off one of the most influential public demonstrations in LGBT history.

That night police raided the Stonewall Inn, a queer and trans-friendly gathering space. Initially the resistance was verbal but Sylvia and Marsha shifted the movement to a physical riot, the Stonewall Riots, then kept their activism going. In 1970 they established STAR - Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries to help trans youth find food, clothing, longer-term housing, mentoring, and a sense of belonging.

In 1973 Sylvia commandeered the stage at the Stonewall anniversary event and confronted a primarily cisgender LGB audience about the lack of inclusion and support of trans folks. October 14, 1979 an estimated 75 to 125 thousand people marched in Washington DC for LGBT civil rights. The march was organized in part by Phyllis Frye -- who later became Texas' first openly trans judge.

The 80s increased visibility and resources for transgender men. Up until this point transition focused on heterosexual male-to-female transition. Lou Sullivan, a gay trans man, advocated for other sexual orientations accessing transition.

He also founded FTM International to quote “build and strengthen the lives” of female-to-male transgender individuals, in particular. Shortly after both Billy Tipton (1989) and Willmer Broadnax (1992), well known musicians were posthumously outed as having been assigned female at birth. 1991, Holly Boswell published her article The Transgender Alternative and solidified the definition of transgender to mean anyone whose gender identity doesn't match their assigned sex at birth - there was no requirement for hormones, or surgery, or any one way of being. The the trans symbol? also her doing.

A year later, Althea Garrison became the first known trans person to serve in a state legislature in the United States and gaming engineer Dani Berry encouraged alternatives to gender reassignment surgery after her own experience. That's Dani Berry of M. U.

L. E and Seven cities of Gold, that she as a trans woman could have been her true self with a penis. In 1993, Minnesota became the first state to include gender identity in their state employment non-discrimination legislation and two years later the Human Rights Campaign added the word transgender to their mission statement as a group of people whose equality they want to ensure.

Then Brandon Teena was murdered adding to countless other acts of violence towards the trans community. His story motivated legislation against hate crimes but didn't stop them. Following the murder of Rita Hester in 1998 Gwendolyn Smith started Transgender Day of.

Remembrance, an annual vigil held worldwide on November 20th to remember the trans and non-binary people who were murdered in the past year. The flag, which you may know represents transgender, was designed a year later by Monica Helms and debuted at Phoenix Pride in 2000. Helms explained "The stripes at the top and bottom are light blue, the traditional color for baby boys.

The stripes next to them are pink, the traditional color for baby girls. The stripe in the middle is white, for those who are intersex, transitioning or consider themselves having a neutral or undefined gender. The pattern is such that no matter which way you fly it, it is always correct, signifying us finding correctness in our lives." Having a symbol of unity skyrocketed visibility for transgender people.

First openly trans person to win state office. First openly trans actor to place a recurring trans character on TV. First openly trans NCAA athlete.

First openly trans famous rockstar. First openly trans person on the cover of TIME. And the first openly trans kid enrolled in the boy scouts of America.

One of the most monumental changes was in 2013 when the mental health field removed. Gender Identity Disorder from its diagnostic manual so the transgender experience is no longer deemed a mental health disorder. This dramatically changed how professionals viewed their trans clients and patients but also how people saw themselves.

In 2014 Mills College, the first women's college west of the Rockies became the first to welcome trans students. The school's motto? One destination, many paths.

In 2015, the report from the U. S' largest survey of trans experiences, nearly 28,000 participants, was published online. 1/3 identified non-binary. And President Obama emphasized a value of Americans to respect the human dignity of people who are transgender in his State of the Union speech.

In 2017 the largest and longest running LGBT magazine in the U. S. named Transgender Americans Person of the Year. Now it's 2018.

Our time to create history. Increasing visibility, awareness, and access to resources. Decreasing hatred, discrimination, and violence.

Sharing what you've learned and staying curious about the millions of other voices and timelines contributing to trans history. There are links to resources in the description curated by Blake who made this episode possible in many many ways.