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Uploaded:2025-10-13
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Martha died on September 1st, 1914. She was 29. Martha wasn’t your average Hollywood starlet – she was something even more rare: an endling, the last member of her species. Just a few hundred years earlier, passenger pigeons flocks were so large that they could literally darken the sky for hours. So how did we get from those numbers to extinction? And are they really gone for good?



Endlings portrait illustrations are by Zoe Keller. You can find out more about her and her work here: https://www.zoekeller.com/



Find out more about the National Geographic Photo Ark here: https://www.joelsartore.com/



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#BizarreBeasts #Endlings #extinction #passengerpigeon

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Sources:

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103784#page/348/mode/1up

https://www.si.edu/object/martha-passenger-pigeon%3Asiris_sic_11640#:~:text=Mounted%20in%20a%20display%20case,in%20the%20conservation%20of%20wildlife

https://www.si.edu/spotlight/passenger-pigeon

https://www.audubon.org/magazine/why-passenger-pigeon-went-extinct

https://www.allianceforthebay.org/2024/05/an-empty-sky-the-plight-of-the-passenger-pigeon/

https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2044&context=american_birds

https://www.sfu.ca/geog315-new/readings/Ellsworth%282003%29.pdf

https://www.bbg.org/article/the_mysteries_of_masting_in_trees

https://naturemuseum.org/cas/project-passenger-pigeon

https://archive.org/details/passengerpigeoni0000scho/page/28/mode/2up?q=1910

https://web.archive.org/web/20160121214525/http://www.mnh.si.edu/onehundredyears/featured_objects/martha2.html

https://www.si.edu/es/exhibitions/objects-wonder:event-exhib-5999

https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/paspig/cur/conservation

https://www.britannica.com/science/de-extinction

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6265789/#sec2-genes-09-00548

https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/Rep-2016-009.pdf

https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2435.12705

https://rewildingeurope.com/rewilding-in-action/wildlife-comeback/tauros/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0093691X08007784

https://reviverestore.org/projects/about-the-passenger-pigeon/

https://reviverestore.org/projects/the-great-passenger-pigeon-comeback/progress-to-date/

https://archive.org/details/jstor-4071160/page/n9/mode/2up

https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/1540-9295-12.6.315

https://mnland.org/2024/09/10/extinction-passenger-pigeon/#:~:text=The%20speed%20at%20which%20the,impact%20while%20they%20were%20here

https://library.si.edu/event/lecture-and-book-signing-joel-greenberg

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Images:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g0JEjz77GSwkrpeYbnRYhG1xrl4n45Tmea7Sw0q0u0M/edit?tab=t.0
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